The first film in Turkish cinema is a film documentary entitled « the collapse of the Russian monument in Aaastvuonos» photographed by Fouad Oz Qenye in 1914. In 1922, the theater actor Mohsen Ertugrul headed towards film directing, with the establishment of the first private cinema company in Turkey, and he remained the one and only word for it until the fifties, directing the film “Shirt of Fire”, which was not about the national liberation war, Muslim actresses participated in this film for the first time, “The Alleys of Istanbul” as the first Turkish-speaking film, and “A Nation Rising”, and these films are among his most important cinematic works, which number more than 30 films. After the 1960s, a new activity was noticed in Turkish cinema, with the emergence of new directors such as Atef Yilmaz, Metin Erksan, Khaled Rafig, Artem Gorig, Doigo Saghiroglu, Nuzad Basan, and Mamdouh On, where they produced films whose themes revolved around the concerns and concerns of society and was successful in terms of acting, topics, photography, and distribution. Terms such as “popular cinema”, “social realism” and “national cinema” appeared in the fore during this period.
Metin Arkasan’s film “Arid Summer” , which deals with the realities of the village, became the first Turkish film to achieve success for Turkish cinema on the world level after winning an award at the Berlin Film Festival. At this stage, Turkish cinema focused on topics with philosophical and social content, in addition to films dealing with women’s problems. The 1990s are considered one of the most successful and advanced periods of Turkish cinema in terms of quality and quality due to the increase in the number of universities devoted to the film industry and cinematography, the emergence of an elite group of directors and representatives who are aware of the technologies of this industry, and the state’s resort to taking decisions that would support cinematic art and provide material aid to those in charge. The competition between television and cinema, and finally the absolute and internationally achieved successes.
All these factors combined contribute to the day-to-day path of Turkish cinematic growth.
Turkish Cinemas and tele-spectators
The young generation in particular showed enthusiasm for cinema and evaluated it as an influential branch of art, especially after 1985, with the contributions of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism to the advancement of Turkish cinema by holding competitions for writing the film script and other activities of the film industry, and some universities conduct research and studies for cinematic development, especially in In the field of short films, a young and specialized cinematic elite has appeared in Turkey. Enang, «Returning Home» by Umar Ugur, «Internationalism» by Sori Sarri Onder and Muharram Golems, «On the Ark» and «Short Lines in a Narrow Yard» by Sardar Agar, and «Going» by Husayn Qarah Bi and «Autumn» by Ozjan Albir All of them are important films of weight and weight in Turkish cinema today. On the other hand, and in order to give the art of cinema a new momentum, the Ministry of Culture pioneered the conclusion of agreements with many European countries, and cooperation with international institutions was established. The Turkish cinema industry was able to attract mass masses to it since the beginning of the fifties, during which cinema went to entertainment business and focus on aesthetics, which attract the audience to enjoy it.
With the spread of video equipment in the 1980s, the number of cinema viewers was limited, and they were satisfied with watching TV and shutting them down in their homes, which led to the closure of many movie theaters, and thus the Turkish cinema industry came face to face with the distress and financial crises.
Turkish cinema recovery
The Turkish film industry was not isolated from the influence of that original art of artistic creativity represented by theatrical art, which it began in 1915 AD to continue to dominate the Turkish art scene for 30 years, but with the beginning of 1950 a major historical transformation took place led by the Dean of Turkish cinema attracted to realism, director Omar Lotfi Akkad through The film «Strike the Wretched», through which it was able to make a qualitative leap in the Turkish cinematographic industry, transferring the story from theatrical opening to cinematic opening, so that the wheel of the Turkish film industry would then flourish and reach its glory and glory to define that era as the «golden age» However, that brilliance began with a rapid decline and sudden collapse with the beginning of the outbreak of internal unrest that ravaged the country for two decades, on September 12, 1980 Turkey entered into a military coup crisis, which caused a process of reversal of the state of growth in the sector, the effects of that crisis extended until 1992 This led to a decrease in the level of ticket sales from 247 million liras to 50 million liras in 1984, then to 11 million in 1990, and then to 8.3 million in 1992.
According to previous growth indicators, the Turkish market has a great opportunity for growth, especially if we know that the Turkish film has recently enjoyed great purchasing power at the local box office, among new releases in 2016, became the best-selling movie in Box office.
The movie «Muslim» was also among the top 10 most viewed in 2018 in Turkey, as the movie was watched in just two months by 6 million and 185 people, breaking the record in the world of Turkish cinema and achieving a record of 81 million and 684 thousand Turkish lira.
This success has already been achieved for them. Like Hollywood, there has been much talk about the intention of «Azimut Portfolio» to allocate an investment fund to finance films and series.
Studying cinema in Turkey
The study of radio, cinema and television in Turkish universities is one of the vital specialties, because the specialization of radio, cinema and television in Turkey is taught by first-class faculty members with experience and fame in this field, and Turkish universities provide the correct paths for students to master the subjects, through A lot of specialized skills, and Turkey is distinguished in this field in the large number of channels, series and professional directors. Admission to Turkish public universities depends on passing the Turkish Alyos aptitude test, or the American SAT aptitude test, in addition to having a high school diploma at a rate that differs from one university to another, and they also require mastering the language, or studying a year to master it. As for the conditions for studying radio, cinema and television in private universities in Turkey, a high school diploma with a minimum average of 50% is sufficient, in addition to the language. Studying radio, cinema and television is among the disciplines that need the specialist to be interested in the outward appearance, elegance of the tongue, to have the courage to present news, to possess writing skills, to have a talent for exploration and to follow the latest developments, and to be able to work in long hours.
The number of years of studying radio, cinema and television in Turkey is four years, and if the student does not hold a language certificate upon entering the specialization, the period exceeds one year, which is like a preparatory year for language. There are universities that require the achievement of a certain average, and when applying for grants, some universities require a higher average, while private universities do not require a GPA, as it is sufficient for the student to obtain fifty percent in high school.