There are 3 Stages of Turkish History; Its name changed three times as well. First, it was called Anatolia in ancient times as the state of Anatolia extended over the territory of Turkey between 7,500 and 5,000 BC.
During the year 550 BC, the Emperor of Persia attacked this region and his successors ruled it until 334 BC. Until “Alexander the Great” attacked them and occupied the region and annexed it to his empire.
Medieval Turkey
Alexander the Great’s generals divided its lands between them, which caused a number of civil wars in the region. Then the Celts invaded the region and built the city of Ankara to be the most important city in that era.
After that the Romans imposed their control over Anatolia, and they built the city of Ephesus and the city of Constantinople.
Ottoman Empire
The Ottomans first ruled the regions of Turkey with Osman I who ruled until 1326 AD. Then his son Orhan after him expanded the areas of influence of the state to both Izmit and Nicaea. Then prosperity of governance continued with him.
The Ottoman Empire flourished in these areas and expanded greatly until it reached the Balkan countries.
The Ottoman Empire declared bankruptcy in the nineteenth century when Sultan Abdul Hamid II did not succeed in controlling the affairs of the state. Then the government passed into the hands of the federalists, who considered the first founders of the Turkish state.
The Turkish Republic
The Ottoman sovereignty over the Anatolian regions continued until 1942 AD. When Mustafa Kemal Ataturk ended the Ottoman Caliphate there; then the last of the stages of Turkish History started. During the outbreak of World War II, a national movement appeared in Turkey headed by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.
He established republican rule in Turkey and ruled it from 1923 to 1938 AD. Then he rose during his rule With a number of changes that contributed to the emergence of modern Turkey.
As Mustafa Kemal Ataturk spread the secular system in it and converted Turkish writing from Arabic to Latin.